This timely analysis explores the controversial legacy of Pope John Paul II, and the great challenges facing his successor, Benedict XVI, as he leads the Catholic Church into the 21st century. Collins, a former member of the Catholic priesthood, also demystifies the complex selection process involved in the election of the New Pope. Benedict XVI's background is discussed, as well as the future of Catholicism under the direction of this conservative and "transitional" Pope. He admits to feeling a sense of pessimism upon the election of Benedict XVI. As far back as 1998, Collins expressed concern for Cardinal Ratzinger's attitudes and approach to Catholicism. He objected to Ratzinger's belief that Catholic doctrine should condemn euthanasia and view Anglican orders as invalid and declared that he revealed a lack of ecumenical sensitivity.